Full Conference Papers Diagnosing natural language answers to support adaptive tutoring Myroslava Dzikovska, Gwendolyn Campbell, Charles Callaway, Natalie Steinhauser, Elaine Farrow, Johanna Moore, Leslie Butler and Colin Matheson. In Proceedings of the 21st FLAIRS Conference, Miami, Florida, May 2008. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Evaluating Coverage for Large Symbolic NLG Grammars Charles Callaway. In Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2003), pages 811-817, Acapulco, Mexico, August 2003. (abstract, html version, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib, see also updated 2004 ACL Short Paper below) Integrating Discourse Markers into a Pipelined Natural Language Generation Architecture Charles Callaway. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2003), pages 264-271, Sapporo, Japan, July 2003. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Pronominalization in Generated Discourse and Dialogue Charles Callaway and James Lester. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2002), pages 88-95, Philadelphia, PA, July 2002. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Narrative Prose Generation Charles Callaway and James Lester. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2001), pages 1241-1248, Seattle, WA, August 2001. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Evaluating the Effects of Natural Language Generation Techniques on Reader Satisfaction Charles Callaway and James Lester. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2001), pages 164-169, Edinburgh, UK, August 2001. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Student-Sensitive Multimodal Explanation Generation for 3D Learning Environments Brent Daniel, William Bares, Charles Callaway, and James Lester. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 1999), pages 114-120, Orlando, Florida, July 1999. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Also appears in Working Notes of the AAAI Symposium on Smart Graphics, AAAI Spring Symposium Series, Stanford University, March 2000. Integrating Discourse and Domain Knowledge for Document Drafting Karl Branting, Charles Callaway, Bradford Mott, and James Lester. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, pages 214-220, Oslo, Norway, July 1999. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Generating Coordinated Natural Language and 3D Animations for Complex Spatial Explanations Stuart Towns, Charles Callaway, and James Lester. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 1998), pages 112-119, Madison, Wisconsin, July 1998. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Also appears in AAAI Workshop on Representations for Multi-modal Human-Computer Interaction, pages 5-10, AAAI-98, Madison, Wisconsin, 1998. (LaTeX Bib) Coherent Gestures, Locomotion, and Speech in Life-Like Pedagogical Agents Stuart Towns, Charles Callaway, Jennifer Voerman, and James Lester. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 1998), pages 13-20, San Francisco, January 1998. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Dynamically Improving Explanations: A Revision-Based Approach to Explanation Generation Charles Callaway and James Lester. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 1997), pages 952-958, Nagoya, Japan, 1997. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Automated Drafting of Self-Explaining Documents Karl Branting, James Lester, and Charles Callaway. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, pages 72-81, Melbourne, Australia, 1997. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib)

Book Chapters Cinematographic Techniques for Automatic Documentary-like Presentations Elena Not, Charles Callaway, Cesare Rocchi, Oliviero Stock and Massimo Zancanaro. In PEACH - Intelligent Interfaces for Museum Visits, Stock, O. and Zancanaro, M. (eds.), Springer, pages 23-44, 2007. (abstract, draft Word version, draft pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Report Generation for Post-visit Summaries in Museum Environments Charles Callaway, Elena Not and Oliviero Stock. In PEACH - Intelligent Interfaces for Museum Visits, Stock, O. and Zancanaro, M. (eds.), Springer, pages 71-92, 2007. (abstract, draft Word version, draft pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Multilingual Personalized Information Objects J. Calder, A.C. Melengoglou, C. Callaway, E. Not, F. Pianesi, I. Androutsopoulos, C.D. Spyropoulos, G. Xydas, G. Kouroupetroglou and M. Roussou. In Multimodal Intelligent Information Presentation, Stock, O. and Zancanaro, M. (eds.), Springer, pages 177-201, 2005. (abstract, draft Word version, draft pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Animated Pedagogical Agents in Knowledge-Based Learning Environments James C. Lester, Charles B. Callaway, Joel P. Gregoire, Gary D. Stelling, Stuart G. Towns and Luke S. Zettlemoyer. In Smart Machines in Education, Forbus, K. and Feltovich, P. (eds.), AAAI press, Menlo Park, CA, pages 269-298, 2001. (abstract, LaTeX Bib) Deictic and Emotive Communication in Animated Pedagogical Agents James Lester, Stuart Towns, Charles Callaway, Jennifer Voerman and Patrick FitzGerald. In Embodied Conversational Agents, Cassell, J., Sullivan, J., Prevost, S. and Churchill, E. (eds.), MIT Press, Boston, pages 123-154, 2000. (abstract, Word version, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Automating Judicial Document Drafting: A Discourse-Based Approach Karl Branting, James Lester and Charles Callaway. In Judicial Applications of Artificial Intelligence , Sartor, G. and Branting, K. (Eds.), pages 7-45, Kluwer Academic Press, 1998. (see journal article above, LaTeX Bib)

Short Papers The Types and Distributions of Errors in Wide Coverage Surface Realizer Evaluations Charles Callaway. In Proceedings of the 10th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (EWNLG 2005), pages 162-167, Aberdeen, Scotland, 2005. (abstract, ps version, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Non-Intrusive User Modeling for a Multimedia Museum Visitors Guide System Tsvi Kuflik, Charles Callaway, Dina Goren-Bar, Cesare Rocchi, Oliviero Stock and Massimo Zancanaro. In Proceedings of User Modeling (UM 2005), pages 236-240, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2005. (abstract, doc version, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Personal Reporting of a Museum Visit as an Entrypoint to Future Cultural Experience Charles Callaway, Tsvi Kuflik, Elena Not, Alessandra Novello, Oliviero Stock and Massimo Zancanaro. In Proceedings of Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2005), pages 275-277, San Diego, CA, 2005. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Wide Coverage Symbolic Surface Realization Charles Callaway. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2004), pages 125-128, Barcelona, Spain, July 2004. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib)

Book Reviews Review of Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship by Clifford Nass and Scott Brave Charles Callaway. Computational Linguistics, Vol 32(3), page 451, September 2006.

Demos Adaptive Tutorial Dialogue Systems Using Deep NLP Techniques Myroslava O. Dzikovska, Charles B. Callaway, Elaine Farrow, Manuel Marques-Pita, Colin Matheson and Johanna D. Moore. In Proceedings of the 2007 Meeting of NAACL and HLT, Rochester, NY, April 2007. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Tools for hierarchical annotation of typed dialogue Myroslava O. Dzikovska, Charles B. Callaway and Elaine Farrow In Proceedings of the 2006 EACL Workshop on Multidimensional Markup in Natural Language Processing, Trento, Italy, April 2006. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) An Authoring Tool for Scaling-Up in Natural Language Generation Charles Callaway. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2002), Philadelphia, PA, July 2002. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib)

Ph.D. Dissertation Narrative Prose Generation Charles Callaway North Carolina State University, 284 pages, Raleigh, North Carolina, April 2000. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib)

Symposium Papers Understanding Student Input for Tutorial Dialogue in Procedural Domains Myroslava Dzikovska, Charles Callaway, Matthew Stone, Johanna Moore In Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, Potsdam, Germany, pages 10-17, September 2006. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) A Computational Feature Analysis for Multilingual Character-to-Character Dialogue Charles Callaway In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLING), pages 250-263, Mexico City, Mexico, February 2001. Published in Springer's Lecture Notes in AI. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Multilingual Natural Language Generation for 3D Learning Environments Charles Callaway, Brent Daniel, and James Lester In Proceedings of the Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, pages 177-190, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 1999. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Robust Natural Language Generation from Large-Scale Knowledge Bases Charles Callaway and James Lester In Proceedings of the Fourth Bar-Ilan Symposium on Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, pages 96-105, Jerusalem, Israel, June 1995. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib)

Workshop Papers The Beetle and BeeDiff Tutoring Systems Charles B. Callaway, Myroslava Dzikovska, Elaine Farrow, Manuel Marques-Pita, Colin Matheson, and Johanna D. Moore In Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop on Spoken Language Technology for Education (SLaTE), Farmington, Pennsylvania, USA, September 2007. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Determining tutorial remediation strategies from a corpus of human-human tutoring dialogues Charles B. Callaway and Johanna D. Moore In Proceedings of the 11th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, pages 123-130, June 2007. (abstract, pdf version, poster pdf, LaTeX Bib) Non-localized, Interactive Multimodal Direction Giving Charles Callaway In Proceedings of the Workshop on Multimodal Output Generation (MOG), Aberdeen, Scotland, pages 41-50, January 2007. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Using Dialogue to Learn Math in the LeActiveMath Project Charles Callaway, Myroslava Dzikovska, Colin Matheson, Johanna Moore and Claus Zinn In Proceedings of the ECAI Workshop on Language-enhanced Educational Technology, Riva del Garda, Italy, pages 1-8, August 2006. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Interpretation and Generation in a Knowledge-Based Tutorial System Myroslava O. Dzikovska, Charles B. Callaway and Elaine Farrow In Proceedings of the EACL Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning for Language Processing, Trento, Italy, pages 5-12, April 2006. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Using a Domain Ontology to Mediate between a User Model and Domain Applications Charles Callaway and Tsvi Kuflik In Proceedings of the Workshop on New Technologies for Personalized Information Access, pages 13-22, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 2005. (abstract, LaTeX Bib) Porting to an Italian Surface Realizer: A Case Study Alessandra Novello and Charles Callaway In Proceedings of the 9th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, pages 71-78, Budapest, Hungary, April 2003. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Multilingual Revision Charles Callaway In Proceedings of the 9th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, pages 15-22, Budapest, Hungary, April 2003. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Multilingual Generation for Museum Applications Alessandra Novello and Charles Callaway In Proceedings of the Workshop on Topics and Perspectives of Natural Language Processing in Italy, Pisa, 2003. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Do We Need Deep Generation of Disfluent Dialogue? Charles Callaway In Proceedings of the 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialogue, pages 6-11, Stanford University, March 2003. (abstract, ps version, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Towards Narrative-Centered Learning Environments Bradford Mott, Charles Callaway, Luke Zettlemoyer, Seung Lee and James Lester In Proceedings of the 1999 AAAI Fall Symposium on Narrative Intelligence, pages 78-82, Cape Cod, Massachussetts, November 1999. (abstract, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Natural Language Generation Journeys to Interactive 3D Worlds James Lester, William Bares, Charles Callaway, and Stuart Towns In Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, pages 2-7, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada, August 1998. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Deictic and Emotive Communication in Animated Pedagogical Agents James Lester, Stuart Towns, Charles Callaway, and Patrick FitzGerald In Proceedings of the Workshop on Embodied Conversational Characters, pages 67-76, Lake Tahoe, California, 1998. (abstract) Creating Lifelike Behaviors in Animated Pedagogical Agents James Lester, Charles Callaway, and Stuart Towns In Proceedings of the ITS-98 Workshop on Pedagogical Agents, pages 27-32, San Antonio, 1998. Cosmo: A Life-like Animated Pedagogical Agent with Deictic Believability James Lester, Jennifer Voerman, Stuart Towns, Charles Callaway In Working Notes of the IJCAI '97 Workshop on Animated Interface Agents: Making Them Intelligent, pages 61-69, Nagoya, Japan, August 1997. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib) Mixed Initiative Problem Solving with Animated Pedagogical Agents James Lester, Charles Callaway, Brian Stone, and Stuart Towns In Working Notes of the AAAI Symposium on Computational Models for Mixed Initiative Interaction, pages 98-104, AAAI Spring Symposium Series, Stanford University, March 1997. (abstract, compressed ps, pdf version, LaTeX Bib)