CVonline: Unfolded List of Topics

1. Applications

   General Application Notes

   1. Agricultural / Forestry
      1. Crop Treatment/Weed Control
      2. Forest Survey/Tree Crown counting (See also Fire detection)
      3. Fruit Grading
      4. Cereal/Grain Inspection
      5. Harvest Control
      6. Land Management
      7. Plant Disease and Parasite Identification
      8. Plant Health/Condition Monitoring
      9. Pollen Identification
      10. Ripeness Estimation
      11. Species Identification
      12. Timber/Log/Wood
      13. Yield Estimation
   2. Animal/Insect Monitoring
      1. Fish Age Analysis
      2. Fish Modeling and Tracking
      3. Flock Tracking
      4. Insect Tracking and Behaviour Analysis
      5. Pregnant Animal Monitoring
   3. Architectural/Construction
      1. Archeological Applications
      2. Building Description
      3. Building Site Survey
      4. Building Recognition
      5. Model Reconstruction
      6. Sewer Survey
   4. Character Recognition (Printed and Handwritten)
      1. Arabic (modern)
      2. Bengali
      3. Chinese
      4. Farsi (Persian) Character Recognition
      5. Ethiopic Character Recognition
      6. Japanese
      7. Korean
      8. Roman Letters
         1. Cursive
         2. Hand Printed
         3. Machine Printed
      9. South Indian (Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada) Character Recognition
      10. Slant Normalization
      11. Western (aka Arabic) Digits
   5. Commercial Applications
      1. Advertising
      2. Bank Checks
      3. Bar-Code Reading
      4. Currency Verification and Recognition
      5. Seal Verification
      6. Signature Identification and Verification
   6. Cultural
      1. Cultural Heritage Modelling and Analysis
      2. Dance Description
      3. Painting Authentication, Style Description and Similiarity Matching
   7. Document Processing
      1. Diagram Understanding
         1. Blueprints
         2. Cartoons/Sketches
         3. Electronic Circuits
         4. Floor Plan Analysis
         5. Map Analysis
         6. Music Scores
      2. Document Mosaicing
      3. Equation Understanding
      4. Form and Layout Understanding
      5. Handwritten Note Cleaning
      6. Letter Analysis
      7. Post Code Recognition
      8. Post Metering Analysis
      9. Signature/Writer Verification
      10. Skew Correction
      11. Trademark Database Indexing
      12. Watermark Extraction
   8. Entertainment/Media Industry
      1. Augmented Reality/Mixed Reality
         
         1. Registration
         2. Virtual Sets
      2. Color Processing
         1. Color Demosaicing
         2. Color Matching
         3. Decoloring/optimal color to grey conversion
      3. Computer Games
         1. Player Adaptation/Insertion
      4. Video
         1. Coding
         2. Compression
            (See also Image Compression)
         3. Cut Detection/Scene Segmentation
         4. Databases
         5. Post-Production
         6. Video Copy Detection
         7. Video Digitization
         8. Video Inpainting
   9. Environmental Analysis/Monitoring
      1. Oil Spill Analysis
   10. Forensic
       1. Crime Scene Reconstruction
       2. Face Indexing and Identification (See also Heads and Faces)
       3. Fingerprint Indexing and Identification
       4. Shoeprint Recognition
   11. Human
       1. Body
          1. Behavior Analysis
          2. Biometrics
          3. Detection
             
             1. Part-Based Body Detection
             2. Whole Body Detection
          4. Gait Analysis
          5. Gender Recognition
          6. Model Acquisition and Animation
          7. Motion Tracking
          8. Movement Analysis and Shape Recovery
             
             1. Appearance Based Approaches
                
                1. Articulated
                2. Exemplar Based
             2. Data Acquisition
                
                1. Multi-View
                2. Single View
             3. Geometric Model Based Approaches
                
                1. 2D Articulated
                2. 3D Articulated
                3. Exemplar Based
                4. Loose Models
                5. Marker Based
                6. Pose Tracking
             4. Pose Estimation
                
                1. Joint-Angle Estimation
                2. Posture Estimation
          9. Person Location/Counting/Following
          10. Posture Analysis
          11. Walker Identification
       2. Hands
          1. Finger Vein Silhouette Pattern
          2. Gesture Detection and Analysis
          3. Hand Sign Recognition
          4. Location and Tracking
          5. Palm Print Verification
       3. Heads and Faces
          1. Authentication and Identification
             1. 3D Data Methods
             2. Color Texture Methods
             3. Ear Recognition
             4. Eigenface/Laplacianface Methods
             5. Frontal
             6. Intensity Texture Methods
             7. Iris recognition
             8. Model Based Methods
             9. Profile
          2. Detection, Location and Tracking
          3. Encoding and Compression
          4. Expression Understanding
          5. Eye Blink State Detection
          6. Eye Location / Tracking
          7. Feature Location and Tracking
          8. Gaze Location, Direction Estimation and Tracking
          9. Lip Shape Analysis, Tracking and Reading
          10. Model Acquisition and Animation
          11. Skin Color Analysis
   12. Human-Computer Interfaces
       1. Assistive Interfaces
          1. Blind/Visually Impaired Person Support
          2. Visual Mouse
       2. Game Interfaces
   13. Image and Video Enhancement and Restoration (See also Noise Reduction and Image Restoration)
       1. Camera Motion Compensation/De-jittering
       2. Color Correction
       3. Motion Deblurring
       4. Focus Blurring Correction
       5. Red Eye Detection and Correction
       6. Object Removal
       7. Prettification
       8. Scratch and Artifact Removal
       9. Tampering Detection
       10. Video Restoration
   14. Industrial
       1. Factory Automation
          1. Assembly Feedback
       2. Food Manufacture
       3. Inspection
          
          1. Carpet
          2. Disk Head
          3. Glass and Ceramics
          4. Industrial Parts/Castings
          5. Integrated Circuits
             
             1. Appearance Based
             2. Range Data Based
          6. Leather
          7. Paper
          8. Particle Counting
          9. Printed Circuit Boards
          10. Solder Joints
          11. Steel
          12. Structural Strain
          13. Structural Crack Detection
          14. Textiles/Fabrics/Cloth
          15. Timber/Wood (See Forestry->Timber)
       4. Part Pose Estimation
       5. Part Recognition
       6. Process Control
          1. Paint Spraying
          2. Robot control and feedback
          3. Weld Seam Tracking
          4. Wood Use/Timber Cutting (See Forestry->Timber)
       7. Reverse Engineering
          
          1. Reverse Engineering from Diagrams
          2. From Motion
          3. Reverse Engineering from Object Contours
          4. From Range Data
          5. From Single Views
          6. From Sparse 3D
   15. Leisure and Entertainment
   16. Measurement
   17. Medical (Veterinary and Human)
       
       1. Animal Disease and Parasite Identification
       2. Intensity Image Based
          1. Colposcopy/Cervical Abnormality
          2. Laryngeal Image Analysis
          3. Retinal Images
          4. Skin Analysis, including Cancer
       3. Microscope-Based
          1. Cell Nucleus Segmentation
          2. Chromosome Analysis
          3. Lymphoma Analysis
       4. Multi-Mode/Multi-Image Registration and Fusion
       5. Scanner-Based
          1. Abdominal Organ Extraction
          2. Aneurysm Detection
          3. Arterial Tree Segmentation
          4. Bone Detection and Segmentation
          5. Cardiac Shape Extraction and Tracking
          6. Cartiladge Analysis
          7. Cortical Shape Extraction
          8. Limb Extraction
          9. Mid-saggital Plane Detection
          10. Radiotherapy Planning
          11. Real-time Surgical Support
          12. Structure Extraction
          13. Tumor Detection
          14. Virtual Endoscopy
       6. Ultrasound-based
          1. 3D Reconstruction
          2. Cardiac Monitoring
          3. Fetal Monitoring
          4. Ovarian
       7. Xray-based
          1. Angiography
          2. Bone Densitometry
          3. Breast Scan/Mammogram
          4. General Tumor Detection
          5. Lung Status
          6. Skeletal Age Estimation
       8. Other
          1. DNA/Genome Analysis
          2. Hand-washing monitoring
          3. Skeletal Scintigraphy
   18. Military
       1. Aircraft Identification/Tracking
       2. Missile Tracking
       3. Target Recognition/Tracking
       4. Vehicle Detection
   19. Navigation, Mobility and Vehicle Control
       
       1. Docking Control
       2. Ground Tracking and Following
       3. Local Traffic Analysis
       4. Map Registration and Self-Localization
          1. Appearance Based
          2. Intensity Feature-Based
          3. Landmark Detection
          4. Radar/Range Sensing/acoustic
       5. Obstacle Detection and Avoidance
       6. Road Following
       7. Trajectory Correction
       8. Vehicle Control
   20. Remote Sensing
       
       1. Airport Analysis, Landing Strip Identification
       2. Building Detection
       3. Change Detection (See Change and Moving Object Detection)
       4. Cloud Identification/Tracking
       5. Crop/Land-Use Identification and Survey
       6. Drainage Network Analysis
       7. Image-to-Map Registration
       8. Multiple Scan Registration
       9. Photogrammetry
       10. Road Detection, Extraction and Matching
       11. Sea/Ocean Wave Analysis
       12. Sea Ice Detection
       13. Ship/Seaport Analysis
       14. Terrain Analysis and Understanding
   21. Robotics
       1. Robot Localization
          1. Marker Based
          2. Omni-directional Cameras
          3. SLAM Based
          4. Visual Servoing
       2. Robo-Cup Soccer Analysis
   22. Safety
       1. Curb/Kerb and Step Detection
       2. Flame and Fire Detection
       3. Land Mine Detection
       4. Microwave Cold Spot Detection
       5. Particle Counting
       6. Steam and Smoke Detection
   23. Scientific
       1. Astronomical
          1. Star Catalogue
       2. Metallurgical Crystal Analysis
       3. Physics
          1. Particle Tracking
       4. Protein Folding Recognition
   24. Security and Surveillance
       
       1. Anomalous Behavior Detection
       2. Background Labelling
       3. Car Park Surveillance
       4. Change Detection (See Change and Moving Object Detection)
       5. Intruder Detection and Tracking
       6. Metal Detection
       7. Pedestrian Surveillance
       8. Surveillance Prioritization
       9. Workflow Verification and Monitoring
   25. Sports
       1. Event Detection/analysis
       2. Play Annotation
   26. Traffic and Transport
       
       1. Airport Monitoring
       2. Driver Alertness Monitoring
       3. Driver Support
       4. Pedestrian Detection
       5. Railroad Analysis
       6. Road Sign Identification
       7. Road Structure Analysis
       8. Seaport Monitoring
       9. Traffic Analysis
       10. Vehicle Detection, Monitoring and Tracking
       11. Vehicle License/Number Plate Analysis
   27. Virtual Reality
       1. Architectural Model Construction (see Architectural/Construction Model Reconstruction)
       2. Object Model Construction
       3. VR from Intensity Data
       4. VR from Range Data
   28. Other
       1. Image Mosaicing
       2. Image Sequence Stabilization
       3. Texture Synthesis
       4. Steganography/Information Hiding
2. Databases and Indexing
   1. Database Organizations
   2. Database Types
   3. Indexing Algorithms
   4. Image Databases
   5. Intensity and Color Indices
      
      1. Color Histogram Matching
      2. Color Indexing
      3. Multi-Modal Neighborhood Signatures
   6. QBIC: Query By Image Content / CBIR: Content-Based Image Retrieval
      
      1. Bayesian User Modelling
      2. Relevance Feedback
   7. Shape Indices
      1. 3D Shape Indices
      2. Curvature Scale Space
   8. Texture Indices
   9. Video Database Analysis/Indexing
3. Famous Vision Systems
   1. ACRONYM
   2. ALVINN
   3. AMBLER
   4. APPLY
   5. BABE
   6. CODGER
   7. CONDOR
   8. CVS
   9. GEOMETER
   10. GIPSY
   11. IDECS
   12. IGS
   13. IUA
   14. KBVISION
   15. MANIAC
   16. MAPSEE
   17. Marr's Theory
   18. MSYS
   19. NAVLAB
   20. NGS
   21. PHOENIX
   22. POLY
   23. SEE
   24. SIGMA
   25. SPIDER
   26. SUCCESSOR
   27. TINA
   28. VaMoRs
   29. VISIONS
   30. VISTA
   31. YARF
4. Generic Vision Methods
   1. Accumulation/Voting Methods
      1. Hough
         
         1. Adaptive Hough Transform
         2. Analytic Curve Finding
         3. Cascaded Hough Transform
         4. Generalized Hough Transform
         5. Hierarchical Hough Transform
         6. Performance Improvement Techniques
         7. Pose Estimation
         8. Probabilistic Hough Transform
         9. Randomised Hough Transform
         10. Surface Finding
         11. Velocity
      2. Tensor Voting
   2. Diffusion/PDE/Time-Based Evolution Methods
   3. Eigenvector/Function Decompositions (See Eigenvector and Eigenfunction)
   4. Genetic Algorithms/Programming
   5. Graph Methods
      
      1. Graph Representations
         
         1. Adjacency Graph
         2. Association Graph
         3. Attributed Graph
         4. Dynamic Feature Graph
         5. Optimal Basis Graphs
      2. Graph Matching
         
         1. Bayesian Graph Matching
         2. Bipartite Matching
         3. Graph Cuts
         4. Graph/Tree Edit Distance and Methods
         5. Maximal Cliques in Association Graphs
         6. Spectral Decomposition Methods
         7. Subgraph Isomorphism
   6. Image Pyramids and Scale Reduction
      
      1. Adaptive Pyramids
      2. Gaussian Pyramids
      3. Laplacian Pyramids
   7. Level Sets
   8. Minimum Description Length
   9. Multiple Scales/Resolutions
      
      1. Fractals
      2. Multi-Scale Integration
      3. Ranklets
      4. Scale Space
      5. Wavelets
   10. Graph, Networks & Connectionist Methods
       
       1. Bayesian Networks
       2. Connectionist Methods
       3. Loopy Belief Propagation
       4. Neural Networks
       5. Probabilistic Graphical Models
       6. Radial Basis Function Networks
       7. Wavelet Networks
   11. Regularization
   12. Relaxation
       
       1. Continuous
       2. Discrete
       3. Probabilistic/Stochastic
   13. Spatial Indexing/Spatial Hashing
   14. Subpixel/Superresolution Methods
   15. (Un)Certainty Representations
       
       1. Bayesian Networks (See Bayesian Networks)
       2. Discrete (See Relaxation)
       3. Fuzzy Logic
       4. Intervals
       5. Probabilities
   16. Vision Paradigms
       
       1. 3D Vision
       2. Active Vision (See Motion: Active Vision)
       3. Geometric Vision (See Vision Geometry and Mathematics and Geometric Representation of Model Features)
       4. Purposive Vision
       5. Qualitative Vision
   17. Vision System Design and Characterization
       
       1. Error Propagation
       2. Performance Characterization
       3. Receiver Operating Characteristics
       4. System Design Issues
5. Geometric Feature Extraction Methods
   1. General
   2. 3D from
      1. Line Drawings
   3. Boundary/Line/Curve Segmentation
      
      1. Breakpoint/Corner Detection
      2. Lowe's Method
      3. Multi-Scale Methods
      4. Recursive Splitting
   4. Compressed Image Feature Extraction
      
      1. Color Distributions/Descriptors
      2. Edges
      3. Salient Points
      4. Texture Descriptors
   5. Connected Component Labeling
   6. Corner and Interest Point Feature Detectors
      
      1. Curvature Scale Space
      2. Feature Point/Region Descriptor, incl. Lowe's SIFT
      3. Forstner Operator
      4. Haralick Operator
      5. Harris/Plessey Corner Finder, including Scale Adapted
      6. Moravec Operator
      7. Subpixel Corner Finding
      8. Susan Corner Finder
      9. Wavelet-Based Salient Point Detection
   7. Curve Fitting/Local Curvature Estimation
      
      1. Circle Fitting
      2. Curve Smoothing
      3. Ellipse Fitting
      4. Hyperbola Fitting
   8. Edge Detection and Enhancement
      
      1. Adaptive Edge Detection
      2. Canny/Deriche Edge Detector
      3. Color Edge Detectors
      4. Edge Types
         
         1. Edge Type Labelling
      5. Energy Function Based Edge Detectors
      6. Evaluation of Edge Detectors
      7. Extended Edge Detection
      8. First Derivative, Gradient Edge Detection
      9. High-pass Filter Edge Enhancement
      10. Hueckel and other Parametric Fitting Edge Detectors
      11. Kirsch Compass Edge Detector
      12. Marr-Hildreth, Laplacian of Gaussian, Zero-Crossing, Difference of Gaussian Edge Detector
      13. Mathematical Morphology Based Edge Detectors
      14. Multi-Dimension Edge Detection
      15. Multi-Scale Edge Detectors
      16. Optimal Edge Detectors (See also Canny Edge Detector)
      17. Other Edge Detectors
      18. Prewitt/Sobel Edge Detector
      19. Range/Depth Image Edge Detectors
      20. Regularization Based Edge Detectors
      21. Roberts Cross Edge Detector
      22. Robinson Edge Detector
      23. Second Derivative Operators (including Zero Crossing)
      24. Subpixel Edge Detection (See Subpixel Methods)
      25. Walsh Function/O'Gorman Edge Detector
   9. Edge/Line/Contour Feature Following, Grouping, Linking and Tracking
      
      1. 4/6/8 Connectivity
      2. Contour Tracking
      3. Dynamic Programming
      4. Edge Linking
      5. Graph Searching
      6. Hough Transform (See Transforms: Hough)
      7. Hysteresis Tracking
      8. Paired Boundaries, Paired Contours
      9. Relaxation Linking
      10. Search Trees
      11. Subjective Contours / Illusory Contours
          
          1. Stochastic Completion Fields
   10. Global Structure Extraction
       1. Ribbons
       2. Salient Features
       3. Symmetry Lines (See also Symmetry)
       4. Symmetry Planes
   11. Feature Histograms
       1. Histogram Analysis
       2. Multi-Dimensional Feature Histograms
       3. Pairwise Histograms
   12. Image Invariants
   13. Line Detection
       
       1. Image Ridges
   14. Mensuration
       1. Scene Object Size Estimation
       2. Subpixel/Superresolution Methods (See Subpixel Methods)
   15. Model-Based Feature Detection/Segmentation
   16. Point or Pixel Descriptions (See also Classification Transforms)
       1. Bar, Line Points
       2. Blob/Center-Surround Points
       3. Color Receptive Fields
       4. Gabor Filters
          1. Log-Gabor Filters
       5. Gaussian Derivatives
       6. Receptive Fields/Steerable Filters
       7. Steerable Pyramids
   17. Primal Sketch (See Marr's Theory)
   18. Region Detection
       
       1. Bayesian Network Methods (See Bayesian Networks)
       2. Boundary-Region Fusion
       3. Color/Spectrum Based/Chroma Keying/Bluescreen
       4. Facet Model-Based Extraction
       5. Maximally Stable Extremal Regions
       6. Region Boundary Extraction
       7. Superpixels
       8. Texture Based
       9. Methods
          
          1. Common Approaches
          2. Divide and Conquer
          3. Knowledge/Model Guided
          4. Recursive Splitting
          5. Region Growing
          6. Scale-Space
          7. Split and Merge
          8. Thresholding (See also more general Thresholding)
          9. Watersheds of Gradient Magnitude
   19. Ridge and Valley Detection
   20. Scanline Slices
   21. Skew Analysis and Estimation
   22. Spatial Relationship Detection
       1. Collinearity
       2. Coplanarity
       3. Intersection/Cotermination
       4. Relative Orientation
   23. Special Feature Extraction
       1. Focus of Expansion
       2. Ground Plane
       3. Horizon
       4. Occluding Contour Detection
       5. Vanishing Point
   24. Structure Tensor
   25. Surface Patches in Volumes
       1. Optimal Surface Detection
       2. Zucker-Hummel
   26. Surface Segmentation from 2 1/2D or 3D data
       1. Curvature-Based Surface Patch Detection (See also Principal Curvatures and Directions and other Local Shape Representations)
       2. Cylinder Detection
       3. Planar Facet/Triangulation Patch Detection
       4. Planar Surface Models
       5. Surface Clustering/Grouping
       6. Surface Discontinuity Detection
          1. Curvature
          2. Depth
          3. Surface Orientation
       7. Surface Fitting and Growing
          
          1. Cylinder Patch Extraction
          2. Planar Patch Extraction
          3. Quadric Patch Extraction
          4. Surface Shape Classification
       8. Surface Shape Parameter Estimation
          1. Cylinder
          2. Ellipsoid/Sphere
          3. Free-Form Surface
          4. Plane
          5. Quadric
          6. Torus
       9. Triangulation
   27. Surface Shape (Shape-From-X Methods)
       1. Contours/Silhouettes
       2. Defocus
       3. Focus
       4. Geometric Constraints
       5. Integrating Multiple Methods
       6. Line Drawings (See Line Drawings)
       7. Monocular Depth Cues
       8. Monocular Visual Space
       9. Motion
       10. Multiple Sensors (See Multi-Sensor Geometries)
       11. Perspective
       12. Photo-Consistency
       13. Photometric Motion
       14. Photometric Stereo
       15. Polarization
       16. Shading
       17. Shadows
       18. Specularities
       19. Structured Light
       20. Texture
       21. Texture Motion
       22. Zoom
   28. Texture
       
       1. Boundary Detection
       2. Classification
       3. Color Texture
       4. Fourier Descriptors
       5. Hierarchical Textures
       6. Shape Texture/Surface Roughness Characterization
       7. Structural/Syntactic Texture Representations
       8. Statistical Representations
          
          1. Co-occurrence, Cocurrence, Cooccurrence Matrices
          2. Edge Frequency
          3. Energy Measures
          4. Filter-based Descriptors
          5. Fractal Measures
          6. Histogram Methods
          7. Local Binary Patterns
          8. Markov Random Field Representations
          9. Moments of Intensity (See 2D Moments and their Invariants)
             
          10. Primitive Length, Run Length
          11. Spatial Frequency
       9. Texon/Texel Invariants and Representations
       10. Texture Field Grouping/Segmentation (See Texture-based Region Segmentation)
       11. Texture Gradients/Directions/Oriented Patterns
       12. Wavelet-based Texture Descriptors (See also the generic Wavelets)
   29. Topological Image Description
   30. Visual Routines, Empirical Feature Detectors
   31. Volume Detection
       1. Voxel Model Recovery
       2. Generalized Cylinder Detection
       3. Superquadric Detection
   32. Wavelet Feature Descriptors (See also the generic Wavelets)
       1. Wavelet Moment Invariants
6. Vision Geometry and Mathematics
   1. Basic Representations
      1. Coordinate Systems
         
         1. Cartesian: Affine, Rectangular
         2. Cylindrical
         3. Hexagonal
         4. Log-Polar
         5. Polar
         6. Spherical
      2. Digital Topology
      3. Dual Space
      4. Homogeneous Coordinates
      5. Pose/Rotation/Orientation Representations
         
         1. Axis-angle
         2. Clifford Algebra
         3. Euler Angles
         4. Exponential Map
         5. Quaternion/Dual-Quaternion
         6. Rotation Matrix (See also Homogeneous Coordinates)
         7. Rotation/Slant/Tilt
         8. Yaw/Pitch/Roll
   2. Distance Metrics
      
      1. Affine
      2. Algebraic
      3. Bhattacharyya
      4. Chi-squared
      5. Earth Mover's/Optimal Mass Transport/Monge-Kantorovich
      6. Euclidean
      7. Fuzzy Intersection
      8. Hausdorff
      9. Jeffrey-Divergence
      10. Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KL)
      11. Mahalanobis
      12. Manhatten or city-block
      13. Minkowski-form
      14. Procrustes
      15. Quadric Form
      16. Specific Structure Similarity
          1. Curve Similarity
          2. Region Similarity
          3. Volume Similarity
   3. Elementary Mathematics for Vision
      
      1. Coordinate Systems, Vectors, Matrices, Derivatives and Gradients, Probability
      2. Derivatives in sampled images
   4. Function Optimization
      
      1. 1D Function Optimization and Golden Section
      2. Constrained Optimization and Lagrange Multipliers
      3. Multi-Dimensional Optimization
         
         1. Derivative Free Search
         2. Global Optimization
            
            1. Downhill Simplex
            2. Genetic Algorithms (See Genetic Algorithms/Programming)
            3. Graduated Non-Convexity and Multi-Resolution Methods
            4. Markov Random Field Optimization
            5. Particle Swarm Optimization
            6. Simulated Annealing
         3. Optimization With Derivatives
            
            1. Levenberg-Marquardt
            2. Newton and Gradient Descent Algorithms
      4. Optimization Model Selection
      5. Variational Methods
   5. Linear Algebra for Computer Vision
      
      1. Eigenfunctions
      2. Eigenvalues/Eigenvectors
      3. Principal Component and Related Approaches
         1. Dimensionality Reduction
         2. Discriminant Analysis
         3. Factor Analysis
         4. Fisher Linear Discriminant Transformation
         5. Independent Component Analysis
         6. Kernel Linear Discriminant Analysis
         7. Kernel Principal Component Analysis
         8. Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
         9. Optimal Dimension Estimation
         10. Principal Component Analysis/Karhunen-Loeve transformation
         11. Principal Geodesic Analysis (PGA)
         12. Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis
         13. Rao-Blackwell Dimensionality Reduction
      4. Sammon Mapping
      5. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
      6. Structure Tensor
   6. Multi-Sensor/Multi-View Geometries
      
      1. 3D Reconstruction
         1. 2D Projections
         2. Reconstruction from Multiple Images/Orthogonal Views
         3. Slice-based Reconstruction (e.g. PET/CAT/MRI)
      2. Affine and Projective Stereo
      3. Baseline
         
         1. Narrow Baseline Stereo
         2. Wide Baseline Stereo
      4. Binocular Stereo Algorithms
         
         1. Cooperative Algorithms
         2. Disparity
         3. Dense Stereo Matching Approaches
         4. Dynamic Programming
         5. Feature Matching Stereo Algorithms
         6. Gradient Matching Stereo Algorithms
         7. Image Rectification
            
            1. Planar Rectification
            2. Polar Rectification
         8. Log-Polar Stereo
         9. Multi-Scale Stereo Algorithms
         10. Panoramic Image Stereo Algorithms
         11. Phase Matching Stereo Algorithms
         12. Region Matching Stereo Algorithms
         13. Weakly/Uncalibrated Approaches
         14. Spherical Stereo
      5. Epipolar/Multi-View Geometry
         
         1. Absolute Conic
         2. Absolute Quadric
         3. Epipolar Geometry Definitions
         4. Essential Matrix
         5. Fundamental Matrix
         6. Homography Tensor
         7. Transfer and Novel View Synthesis
         8. Trifocal/Quadrifocal Tensor
      6. Image Based Modelling/Plenoptic Modelling
      7. Image Feature Correspondence Constraints
         
         1. Active Stereo
         2. Disparity Gradient Limit
         3. Disparity Limit
         4. Epipolar Constraint
         5. Feature Contrast
         6. Feature Orientation
         7. Grey-level Similarity
         8. Lipschitz Continuity
         9. Ordering
         10. Surface Continuity
         11. Surface Smoothness
         12. Uniqueness
         13. Viewpoint Constraint
         14. View Consistency Constraint
      8. Multi-View Matching
      9. Scene Reconstruction/Surface Interpolation
         
         1. Adaptive Meshing
         2. Constrained Reconstruction
         3. Membrane/Thin Plate Models
         4. Texture Mapping
         5. Triangulation
         6. Volumetric Reconstruction
      10. Trinocular (and more) Stereo
   7. Parameter Estimation
      1. Bayesian Methods
      2. Constrained Least Squares
      3. Linear Least Squares
      4. Optimization (See Functional Optimization)
      5. Robust Techniques (See Robust Estimators)
   8. Probability and Statistics for Computer Vision
      1. Autoregression
      2. Basic Statistics and Bayes Rule in Vision
      3. Bayesian Inference Networks (See generic entry)
      4. Causal Models
      5. Correlation
      6. Covariance and Mahalanobis Distance in Vision
      7. Dempster-Shafer
      8. Distribution Mode Analysis
      9. Gaussian / Normal Distribution
      10. Heteroscedastic Noise and HEIV Regression
      11. Hidden Markov Models
      12. Honest Probabilities
      13. Hypothesis Testing
      14. Information Theory
      15. Kalman Filters
          
          1. Unscented Kalman Filter
      16. Least Mean Square Estimation and Estimators
      17. Least Median Square Estimation and Estimators
      18. Maximum Likelihood
      19. Model Fitting
      20. Monte Carlo Methods for Vision
      21. Markov Chain Methods for Vision
      22. Markov Random Fields
          1. Applications
          2. Conditional Random Fields
          3. Multi-level MRF
          4. Optimization Methods
             1. Approximate Variational Extremum
             2. Gibbs Sampling
             3. Graduated Nonconvexity
             4. Graph Cuts
             5. Iterated Conditional Modes
             6. "Modern" Graph Cut
             7. Simulated Annealing
          5. Theory
      23. Mixture Models and Expectation Maximization (EM)
      24. Normalization
      25. Non-Parametric Methods
      26. Poisson Distribution
      27. Probability Density Estimation
      28. Random Number Generation for Vision
      29. Robust Estimators
      30. Useful Distributions
   9. Projection Geometries and Transformations
      
      1. Affine
      2. Anamorphic/Catadioptric
      3. Central Projection
      4. Euclidean
      5. Homography
      6. Hierarchy of Geometries
      7. Orthographic
      8. Paraperspective
      9. Perspective
      10. Plane Projection
      11. Projective Space (3D)
      12. Real Camera Projection
      13. Similarity
      14. Weak-Perspective
   10. Properties and Invariants of Projection
       
       1. Absolute Points
       2. Affine Invariants
       3. Collineations
       4. Conics
       5. Coplanarity Invariants
       6. Cross Ratio
       7. Differential Invariants
       8. Duality
       9. General Projective Invariants
       10. Integral Invariants
       11. Laguerre Formula
       12. Pencil of Lines
       13. Quasi-Invariants
       14. Structural Invariants
   11. Relational Shape Descriptions
       1. Curves
          1. Adjacency/Connectedness
          2. Relative Curvature
          3. Relative Length
          4. Relative Orientation
          5. Separation
       2. Regions
          1. Adjacency/Connectedness
          2. Relative Area/Size
          3. Separation
       3. Surfaces
          1. Adjacency/Connectedness
          2. Relative Area/Size
          3. Relative Orientation
          4. Separation
       4. Volumes
          1. Adjacency/Connectedness
          2. Relative Orientation
          3. Relative Volume/Size
          4. Separation
   12. Shape Properties (See also Geometric Representation of Model Features)
       1. Points and Local Invariants
       2. Curves and Curve Invariants (See also Curves)
          1. Affine Arc Length and Affine Curvature
          2. Arc Length
          3. Bending Energy
          4. Chord Distribution
          5. Curvature, Torsion, Curvature Radius
          6. Differential Geometry, Frenet Frame, Frenet-Serret Formulas
          7. Invariant Points: Inflections/Bitangents
       3. Image Regions and Region Invariants
          
          1. Angularity ratio
          2. Area, Perimeter
          3. Boundary Properties
          4. Center-of-Mass
          5. Convexity Ratio
          6. Eccentricity, Circularity, Compactness, Elongatedness
          7. Elongation Factor
          8. Euler number/Genus
          9. Extremal Points
          10. Feret's Diameter, Martin's Diameter
          11. Fourier Descriptors
          12. Minimum Bounding Rectangle
          13. 2D Moments and their Invariants
              
              1. Affine Moments
              2. Binary Moments
              3. Color Moments
              4. Eigenmoments
              5. Grey-Level or Texture Moments
              6. Legendre Moments
              7. Orthogonal Moments: Hahn, Legendre, Zernike, Chebichev
              8. Racah Moments
              9. Velocity Moments
              10. Zernike Moments
          14. Orientation
          15. Sphericity ratio
          16. Rectangularity
          17. Rectilinearity
          18. Roundness ratio
          19. Topological Descriptors
          20. Wadell's circularity shape ratio
       4. Surfaces
          1. Apparent Contour and Local Geometry
          2. Common Shape Classes and Representations
             
             1. Cone
             2. Cyclide
             3. Cylinder
             4. Ellipsoid/Sphere
             5. Membrane/Thin Plate Spline (See here)
             6. Plane
             7. Polyhedra
             8. Quadric
             9. Torus
          3. Fundamental Forms
          4. Gauge Coordinates
          5. Hessian
          6. Metric Determinant
          7. Principal Curvatures and Directions and other Local Shape Representations
             
             1. Deviation from Flatness
             2. Gauss-Bonnet Surface Description
             3. Gaussian Curvature
             4. Koenderink's Shape Classification
             5. Mean Curvature
             6. Mean and Gaussian Curvature Shape Classification
             7. Minimal Points
             8. Parabolic Points
             9. Ridges and Valleys
             10. Umbilics
          8. Quadratic Variation
          9. Surface Area
          10. Surface Normals and Tangent Planes
          11. Surface Orientation and Gradient Space
       5. Symmetry (See also Symmetry Detection)
          
          1. Affine
          2. Bilateral
          3. Rotation
          4. Skew
       6. Volumes
          1. Elongatedness
          2. 3D Moments and Moment Invariants
          3. Volume
   13. Transformations (Geometric), Registration and Pose Estimation Methods
       1. 2D to 2D Pose Estimation Methods
          1. Line-Based Methods
          2. Point-Based Methods
       2. 2D to 3D Pose Estimation Methods
          1. Line-Based Methods
          2. Point-Based Methods
       3. 3D to 3D Pose Estimation Methods
          1. Line-Based Methods
          2. Point-Based Methods
       4. Affine Transformation
          1. Minimal Data Estimation
          2. Least-square Estimates
          3. Robust Estimates
       5. Bundle Adjustment
       6. Euclidean Transformation
          1. Least-square Estimates
          2. Minimal Data Estimation
          3. Robust Estimates
       7. Homography Transformation
          1. Least-square Estimates
          2. Minimal Data Estimation
          3. Robust Estimates
       8. Kalman Filter Pose Estimation Methods
       9. Partially Constrained Pose
          1. Incomplete Information
          2. Intrinsic Degrees of Freedom
       10. Projective Transformation
           1. Least-square Estimates
           2. Minimal Data Estimation
           3. Robust Estimates
       11. Similarity Transformation
           1. Least-square Estimates
           2. Minimal Data Estimation
           3. Robust Estimates
7. Image Physics
   1. Color and Reflectance
      
      1. Albedo, Irradiance, Radiance and Reflectance and their Estimation
      2. Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function
      3. Color, Appearance and Human Performance
         
         1. Illumination, Lightness and Color Constancy, Reflectance Recovery and Shading Correction
         2. Color Correction
         3. Color Normalization
      4. Color Representation Systems
         
         1. CIE Chromaticity Coordinates/XYZ
         2. Color Spaces, and Conversion. Eg. IHS/RGB/YIQ/CMY/CMYK/CMYB/HSL/HSI
         3. Principal Component Basis Space
         4. Color Mixture Models
      5. Dichromatic Reflection Model
      6. Empirical Color Representations
         1. Statistical Representations
         2. Basis Function Representations
      7. Photometric Invariants
      8. Reflectance Map
      9. Special Worlds
         1. Mondrian
         2. Monochrome
   2. Image Content, Structure and Formation
      
      1. Content and Formation
      2. Dimensionality
      3. Non-Rectangular Geometries
      4. Photometric content
         1. Gamma Correction
         2. Hue/White Balance and Correction
         3. Measurement and Quantigraphics
         4. Saturation and Correction
      5. Spatial Frequency and Sampling
      6. Value Quantization and Compression
   3. Light and Illumination
      
      1. Elementary physics
         
         1. Elementary Effects: Diffraction, Interference, Reflection, Refraction and Transmission
         2. Elementary Manipulation: Collimation, Diffraction gratings, Diffusion, Mirrors, Prisms, Transmission
         3. Standard Sources: Blackbody, Incandescent, Luminescent Sources, Sun
      2. Source Geometry
         
         1. Source Placement
         2. Source Shapes
            
            1. Area
            2. Diffuse
            3. Line
            4. Point
      3. Special Situations
         1. Illumination techniques for improving observation
         2. Mutual Illumination and Interreflections
         3. Polarization
         4. Shadows
         5. Spectral Filtering
         6. Summary of Different Light Sources
      4. Special Sources
         1. Acoustic Sonar
         2. Infrared
         3. Laser
         4. Scanning Electron Microscope
         5. Synthetic Aperture Radar
   4. Noise Models
      
      1. Distributions
         
         1. Gaussian
         2. Salt-and-Pepper
         3. Speckle
         4. Uniform
      2. Sources
         
         1. Amplifier Noise
         2. Heteroscedastic Noise
         3. KTC Noise
         4. On-chip Electronic Noise
         5. Photon Noise
         6. Quantization Noise
         7. Thermal Noise
   5. Optics and geometrical light manipulation
      
      1. Basic Geometric Optics
      2. Catadioptric Optics
      3. Focus Invariant Imaging
      4. Image Control: Focus, Aperture, Exposure/Shuttering, Gain, Offset
      5. Image Distortion (See Image Distortion, Models and Correction)
      6. Lenses and their Selection
      7. Telecentric Lenses
      8. Vignetting
   6. Sensor Response Physics
   7. Surface Shape Physics
      1. Empirical Surface Models
      2. Surface Classes
         
         1. Dusty
         2. Fractal Surfaces
         3. Lambertian
         4. Phong
         5. Specular
      3. Texture (See Texture)
8. Image Transformations
   1. General
   2. Appearance Enhancement Transforms
      1. Artistic Effects
      2. Brightness Adjustment
      3. Contrast Adjustment (See also Histogram Equalization and Color Remapping)
      4. Edge Sharpening
      5. Histogram Equalization/Adaptive Histogram Equalization (See also Contrast Adjustment and Color Remapping)
      6. Saturation Adjustment
      7. Image Magnification (See Subsampling, Interpolation, Zooming)
   3. Distance and Skeleton
      1. Distance (2D, 3D)
      2. Laplacian Eigenspace
      3. Medial Axis
      4. Principal Component Encoding (See Principal Component Analysis)
      5. Shock Filter, Shock Tree, Shock Graph
      6. Skeleton
      7. Smoothed Local Symmetries
   4. Geometric Transformations (See also Geometry and Mathematics)
      
      1. Euclidean: Rotate, Translate, Reflect
      2. Subsampling, Interpolation, Zooming
      3. Rectification (See Rectification)
      4. Scale, Shear, Affine, Perspective, Projective
      5. Warping
   5. Global Transforms
      1. Discrete Cosine/Sine
      2. Fourier
         
         1. Frequency Domain Filtering (See Frequency Filtering)
         2. Homomorphic Filtering
         3. Non-Uniform Fourier Transform
         4. Optical Image Processing
         5. Polar/Log Polar Fourier Transform
      3. Haar
      4. Hartley
      5. Hadamard/Walsh
      6. Histogram (See also Feature Histograms)
      7. Karhunen-Loeve or Hotelling (See Principal Component and Related Approaches)
         
      8. Radon
      9. Ridgelet
      10. Slant
      11. Trace
      12. Wavelet Transformations (See also the generic Wavelets)
   6. Image and Video Compression
      
      1. Adaptive Coding
      2. Arithmetic Coding
      3. Block Coding, GIF, TIFF, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Huffman encoding
      4. Color Image Compression
      5. Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)
      6. Feature Extraction from Compressed Images (See also Compressed Image Feature Extraction)
      7. Fractal
      8. Hierarchical
      9. Image Quality Evaluation/Comparison
      10. JPEG
      11. Model-Based Coding
      12. Motion and Video Coding
      13. MPEG
      14. Predictive Methods (See also Differential Pulse Code Modulation)
      15. Run Length Compression
      16. Stereo Compression
      17. Vector Quantization (See general Vector Quantization)
      18. Wavelet/Scalar Quantization (WSQ)
   7. Image Stabilization
   8. Local Operator Transforms
      1. Adaptive Filtering
      2. Composite Filters
      3. Convolution
         
         1. Normalized Convolution
         2. Separable Templates
      4. Difference of Gaussians
      5. Differentiation Filtering
      6. Frequency Filtering
         1. General
         2. High Pass
         3. Low Pass
         4. Matched Filter
      7. Noise Reduction and Image Restoration (See also Image Restoration)
         
         1. Adaptive Smoothing
         2. Anisotropic Filtering
         3. Average/Mean Smoothing
         4. Bayesian Filtering
         5. Bilateral Filtering
         6. Brightness Distortion Correction
         7. Color Images
         8. Conservative Smoothing
         9. Crimmins
         10. Deconvolution/Inverse Convolution
         11. Diffusion Methods
         12. Edge-Preserving Smoothing
         13. Gaussian Smoothing
         14. Global Filters
         15. Kuwahara
         16. Lee's Local Statistics Filter
         17. Local Nonlinear Image Restoration
         18. Median Filtering
         19. Median Flow Filtering
         20. Median Least Variance/Median Coefficient of Variation Filters
         21. Monte Carlo Markov Chain Restoration
         22. Multichannel/Multispectral Filtering
         23. Other Smoothing Algorithms
         24. PDE, Diffusion Methods
         25. Rank Order Filtering (See also Median Filtering)
         26. Savitzky-Golay Filtering
         27. Scale-Space Filtering (See Scale Space)
         28. Spline Filtering
         29. Temporal Averaging
         30. Wiener Filtering
   9. Morphological Transformations
      
      1. Binary Noise Reduction
      2. Boolean Convolution
      3. Conditional Dilation
      4. Dilate, Erode
      5. Fuzzy Morphology or Soft Morphology
      6. Greylevel, Greyscale Morphology
         
         1. Greylevel, Greyscale Morphological Dilation, Erosion, Umbra Dilation, Umbra Erosion
         2. Greylevel, Greyscale Morphological Gradient
         3. Greylevel, Greyscale Morphological Laplacian
         4. Greylevel, Greyscale Morphological Opening, Closing
         5. Greylevel, Greyscale Morphological Smoothing
      7. Hit-and-Miss
      8. Morphological Segmentation
      9. Open, Close
      10. Region-Filling, Propagation
      11. Thin, Thicken (2D, 3D)
      12. Top Hat Transform
      13. Watershed Transform
   10. Pixel Classification (Value-to-Label) Transforms (See also Classification Methods)
       1. Color, Multispectral Based
       2. Curvature, Shape Based (See Curvature-Based Surface Patch Detection)
       3. Edge Type Labeling
       4. Intensity Based
       5. Mixed Pixel Labeling
       6. Shadow Type Labeling
       7. Texture Based
   11. Point Binary Image Operator Transforms
       1. Image Arithmetic
          
          1. Addition
          2. Bitshift
          3. Blending
          4. Division
          5. Multiplication
          6. Subtraction
       2. Image Logic
          
          1. AND/NAND
          2. NOT/INVERT
          3. OR/NOR
          4. XOR/XNOR
   12. Point Unary Image Operator Transforms
       
       1. Clipping
       2. Color Remapping
       3. Logarithmic, Exponential, Gamma Correction
       4. Thresholding
          
          1. Adaptive Thresholding
          2. Edge Image Thresholding
          3. Multi-Spectral Thresholding
          4. Quantization Techniques
          5. Threshold Selection
   13. Segmentation, Grouping Transforms
       
       1. Property Basis
          1. Color (See Color/Spectrum Based Segmentation)
          2. Intensity (See Region Detection -> Thresholding)
          3. Motion (See Motion Field->Region Segmentation/Decomposition)
          4. Surface Shape (See Curvature-Based Surface Patch Detection)
          5. Texture (See Texture-based Region Segmentation)
       2. Structures
          1. Curve (See Boundary/Line/Curve Segmentation)
          2. Region (See Region Detection)
          3. Surface (See Surface Segmentation from 2 1/2D or 3D data)
          4. Volume
       3. Technologies
          1. Clustering (See Clustering)
          2. Connected Components/Blob Extraction (See Connected Components Labelling)
          3. Model-Based (See Model-Based Feature Detection/Segmentation)
          4. Minimum Description Length (See Minimum Description Length)
          5. Region Growing (See Regions-> Region Growing or Surfaces->Surface Fitting and Growing)
          6. Relaxation (See Relaxation)
          7. Rule-Based/Expert-System Based
          8. Thresholding (See Unary Operators)
9. Motion and Time Sequence Analysis

   Introduction
   

   1. Active Vision
      
      1. Kinetic Depth
      2. Feature Stabilization
      3. Surface Reconstruction
      4. Time-To-Contact
      5. Visual Servoing
   2. Appearance Change Analysis
   3. Change and Moving Object Detection
      
      1. Background Modelling
      2. Detection with a Changing Background
      3. Foreground Modelling
      4. Image Differencing
      5. Moving Camera Change Detection
      6. Shadow Removal
   4. Depth/Range Image Temporal Sequence Analysis
   5. Image Sequence Fusion
      1. Mosaics (See Image Mosaics)
      2. Stabilization (See Image Stabilization)
      3. Superresolution
   6. Motion Field
      1. Depth Estimation
      2. Edge, Discontinuity Detection
      3. Extraction
      4. Hierarchical Estimation
      5. Region Segmentation/Decomposition
         
         1. Motion Layer/Multiple Motion Segmentation
   7. Motion Property Estimation
      1. General Motion Estimation
      2. Observer Motion, Egomotion Estimation
      3. Periodicity Estimation
      4. Planar Motion Estimation
      5. Pure Rotation Estimation
      6. Pure Translation Estimation, Linear Motion Constraints
   8. Non-Rigid Motion Analysis
      
      1. Human Pose and Motion Estimation
   9. Optical Flow
      
      1. Affine Flow
      2. Aperture Problem
      3. Area Based Methods
      4. Binocular Methods
      5. Boundary, Discontinuity Estimation
      6. Contour Based Methods
      7. Color Optical Flow
      8. Correlation Based Flow Estimation
      9. Feature Based Flow Estimation
      10. Flow Field Calculation
      11. Flow Histogram
      12. Gradient Based Flow Estimation
      13. Information Extraction
          1. Egomotion
          2. Epipole Location
          3. Focus of Expansion
          4. Obstacle Detection
      14. Multi-Grid Methods
      15. Normal Flow
      16. Optical Flow Constraint Equation
      17. Optical Flow Smoothness Constraint
      18. Range Flow
      19. Special Case Motions
      20. Structure from Optical Flow
   10. Sensor, Camera Motion Estimation
   11. Spatio-Temporal Analysis
       
       1. Epipolar Plane Analysis
       2. Spatio-Temporal Corner Detector
       3. Spatio-Temporal Filters
       4. Representations (see also Motion Models)
          1. Small Motion Models
       5. Temporal Spatio-Velocity transform
   12. Structure from Motion/Structure and Motion
       
       1. Articulated Object Segmentation
       2. Classical Structure from Motion
       3. Multi-Frame Structure Estimation
          
          1. Critical Motions
          2. Initialization
          3. Metrical (or Euclidean) Reconstruction
       4. Nonlinear Recursive Methods
       5. Rigid Body Segmentation
       6. Rigidity Constraint
       7. Structure Consistency Constraint
       8. Structure Factorization
          
          1. Factorization with Uncertainty
       9. Surface Reconstruction
       10. Temporal Factorization
   13. Temporal Event Analysis (See also Temporal Representations)
       1. Activity Analysis
          1. Action Temporal Segmentation
          2. Instantaneous Activity Recognition
          3. Long Term Activity
             1. Hidden Markov Model Matching
             2. Hidden Semi-Markov Model Matching
             3. Trajectory Model Matching
       2. Novelty/Unusual Event Detection
   14. Tracking
       
       1. Articulated Object Tracking
       2. Binocular Tracking
       3. Discontinuous Events
       4. Feature Tracking Approaches
          1. Active Contour Tracking
          2. Appearance-based Tracking
          3. Edge Tracking
          4. Fiducial/Marker Tracking
          5. Model-Based Tracking
          6. Optical Flow-based Target Tracking
          7. Pose Based Tracking
          8. Scene Feature Based Tracking
          9. Template/Correlation Based Tracking
          10. Temporal Stereo
       5. Moving Camera Based Tracking
       6. Multiple Target Tracking
       7. Target Tracking Approaches
          1. Detection by Background Differencing (See Change Detection)
          2. Detection Regions
          3. Persisence Through Occlusion
          4. Target Correspondence
       8. Tracking Information Fusion
          1. Condensation/Particle Filter Tracking
          2. Tracking Using Bayesian belief propagation
          3. Tracking Using Hidden Markov Models
          4. Tracking Using Kalman Filters
       9. Vergence Maintenance
10. Hardware, DSP, Parallel and Other Non-Standard Processing Platforms
    1. Cellular/Systolic Arrays
    2. DSP (Digital Signal Processors) Approaches
    3. Neural Networks
       1. Hopfield Networks
       2. Kohonen Networks
       3. Perceptron Networks
       4. Radial Basis Functions Networks (See Radial Basis Function Networks)
       5. Support Vector Machines
    4. Parallel Processing Approaches
       
       1. Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD)/Multi-Processor
          1. Data Parallelism/Domain Decomposition
          2. Pipeline/Subtask Parallelism
          3. Task Farming
       2. Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
          1. Massively Parallel Systems
          2. Pyramid Architectures
       3. Vector Processors
    5. Programmable Logic Approaches
       1. Reconfigurable Mesh
    6. VLSI Approaches
       1. Retina Chips
11. Object, World and Scene Representations
    1. General
    2. Full Object Representations
       1. Flat
       2. Hierarchical, By Parts, Structural Decomposition, Subcomponent Representation
    3. Functional Representations
    4. Geometric Representation of Model Features (See also Shape Properties)
       1. CAD Representations
       2. Curves
          
          1. Chain Codes
          2. Circles
          3. Conics
          4. Contour Parametric and Contour Complex Functions
          5. Crack Codes
          6. Curvature Primal Sketch
          7. Curvature Scale Space
          8. Curve Cross Section Functions
          9. Edgelet, Contourlet
          10. Ellipses
          11. Fourier Descriptors
          12. Intrinsic Equations
          13. Lines
          14. Line Moments
          15. Phi-S Curves, Tangent Angle Functions
          16. Polyline, Polycurves, Polygonal Approximations
          17. Radius Vector Functions
          18. Signatures
          19. Snakes, Active Contours (See also Active Shape Models)
          20. Splines
          21. Superellipses
          22. Supershapes
          23. Support Functions
          24. Torsion, Curvature
          25. Torsion Scale Space
          26. Wavelet-based Curve Descriptors (See also the generic Wavelets)
          27. Width Functions
       3. Points
          1. Local Point Invariants
          2. Local Scale Descriptions
          3. Non-Linear Point Distribution Models
          4. Point Distribution Models
       4. Regions
          
          1. Axial Representations (Medial Axis, Skeletons, Smoothed Local Symmetry)
             
             1. Affine Invariant Skeletons
          2. Convex Hull
          3. Region Cross Section Functions
          4. Delaunay Triangulation/Voronoi Diagrams
          5. Grey-Level Distribution Models
             1. Central Moments
          6. Kendall's Shape Representation
          7. Pixel, Quadtrees/Irregular Quadtrees, Occupancy Grids
          8. Polygons
          9. Profiles/Projections
          10. Pyramids (See Image Pyramids and Scale Reduction)
          11. Region Graph Representations
          12. Run-length Coding
          13. Subcomponent Decompositions
          14. Topological Representations
          15. Trees
       5. Surfaces
          
          1. Common Surface Representations (See geometry)
          2. Conformal Mapping
          3. Local Point/Patch Representations
          4. Mean and Gaussian Curvature Sign Classes
          5. Membranes, Rubber Sheets and Thin Plates, and their Discontinuities
          6. Planar Patches/Faces, Edges and Vertices/Boundary Representations
          7. Principal Curvature Sign Classes
          8. Quadric Patches
          9. Shape, Curvature Magnitude Classes
          10. Sparse Tensors (Mian)
          11. Spherical Attribute Image
          12. Spline Surfaces
          13. Surface Triangulations/Meshes (Fixed, Adaptive, Deformable)
       6. Object Centered Representations
       7. Objects/Volumes
          
          1. 3D Skeletons
          2. Aspect Graph
          3. Balloons
          4. Constructive Solid Geometry/Set-Theoretic Modeling
          5. Gaussian Sphere/Extended Gaussian Image/Constellation EGI
          6. Generalized Cones/Cylinders
          7. Geons
          8. Hyperquadrics
          9. Medial Surfaces
          10. Quadrics
          11. Spherical Harmonics
          12. Superquadrics
          13. Supershapes
          14. Surface Patches
          15. Tetrahedral
          16. Volumetric Frequency
          17. Voxel, Octree/Irregular Octree, Occupancy Grid
          18. Wire-frames
    5. Logical and Symbolic Representations
       1. Frames
       2. "Knowledge Representation" Languages
       3. Predicate Calculus
       4. Relational
       5. Semantic Nets
    6. Motion Representations
    7. Multi-Scale Representation Approaches
       
       1. Fractals (See the generic Fractals)
       2. Scale Space (See the generic Scale Space)
       3. Wavelets (See the generic Wavelets)
    8. Non-Rigid Model Representations (see also Point Distribution Models)
       
       1. Active Appearance Models
       2. Active Shape Models
       3. Deformable Shapes
          
          1. Curves (See Snakes, Active Contours)
          2. Regions
          3. Surfaces
          4. Volumes
       4. Linear Structure Models
       5. Motion Models
       6. Parametric Models
       7. Piecewise Rigidity
       8. Time Varying Shape, Spatio-Temporal Models
    9. Non-Symbolic Representations
       1. Eigenspace / Principal Component Representations
       2. Interest Points
       3. Intrinsic Images
       4. Plenoptic Function Representations/Lightfields/Image-Based Rendering
    10. Procedural Representations
        1. Production Rules
        2. Visual Routines
    11. Shape Classes/Shape Families
    12. Temporal Representations (See also Temporal Event Analysis)
        1. Short-term Activity Representations
           1. Motion History/Energy Models
        2. Long-term Activity Representations
           1. Global Representations
           2. Frame-by-frame Models
              1. Hidden Markov/Finite State Models
              2. Target Trajectory Models
    13. Types of Models
        
        1. Appearance
        2. Aspect (See Aspects/Characteristic Views)
        3. Iconic (See Iconic Image Models)
        4. Geometric
        5. Graphs (See Graph)
        6. Relational
        7. Property
    14. Viewpoint Dependent, Viewer Centered Representations
        
        1. Iconic Image Models
        2. Aspects/Characteristic Views
        3. Singularity Events
        4. Tessellated Viewsphere Approximations
12. Recognition Methods

    High level vision

    1. Classification Methods (see also Distance Metrics and Pixel Classification (Value-to-Label) Transforms)
       
       1. Bayesian
       2. Contextual Methods
       3. Decision Trees, Sequential Classifiers
       4. Discriminating Feature Methods
       5. Fuzzy
       6. k-Nearest Neighbor
       7. Linear and Higher Order Discriminant Functions
       8. Markov Random Field Based
       9. Minimum Distance
       10. Multi-Classifier Fusion
       11. Neural Network and Perceptron Methods (See Neural Networks)
       12. Vector Quantization Based (See general Vector Quantization)
    2. Function-based Recognition
    3. General Reasoning Methods used in Vision
    4. Geometric Model Matching, Feature Correspondence, Shape Correspondence
       
       1. General Matching Control and Search Algorithms
          1. Generate and Test/Hypothesize and Verify
          2. Heuristic Search
          3. Hierarchical Methods/By Parts/Recognition by Components
          4. Interpretation Tree and Other Search Tree Variations
          5. Rule-Based Systems
          6. Theorem Proving
       2. General Matching and Registration Methods
          1. Appearance, Iconic, and View-Based Recognition, Video Google
          2. Boltzmann Machine, Hopfield Network, Simulated Annealing
          3. Constraint-Based Matching
          4. Context
          5. Deformable, Deformable Templates, Elastic Matching
          6. Factorization
          7. Fourier Matched Filter Object Recognition
          8. Generalized Hough Transform (See Generalized Hough Transform)
          9. Geometric Hashing
          10. Image Alignment and Registration (See also Mosaicing)
          11. Iterated Closest Point/Iterative Closest Point
          12. MAPSAC
          13. Model Based Recognition
          14. Multi-Scale Feature Matching
          15. Non-rigid Alignment
          16. Object Category Recognition
              
              1. Bag of Features Models
              2. Structured Models
          17. Object Size/Scale/Distance Estimation
          18. Part Alignment/Pose Estimation
          19. Polygon Matching
          20. Pose Clustering
          21. RANSAC
          22. Relaxation Labeling (See Relaxation)
          23. Softassign algorithm
          24. Structural Description
          25. Template and Cross-Correlation Matching
              1. Gain and Bias Independent
              2. Inverse Compositional Method
       3. Geometric Constraints
       4. Global Methods
    5. Identity Verification/Alignment
       
       1. Geometric Feature Proximity
       2. Pose Consistency
    6. Model Based Indexing, Invocation
    7. Special Feature Matching
       1. 2D to 2D Point Features
          
          1. Proximity Matrices
       2. 2D to 3D Point Features
       3. 3D to 3D Point Features
       4. 2D, 3D Point to Structure Matching
       5. Aspect Graph Matching
       6. Boundary/Contour/Curve/Edge Matching
       7. Line Matching
       8. Property-Based Matching (e.g. moments, eigenvalues, invariants - see Classification Methods)
       9. Optical/Appearance Flow Matching
       10. Polygon Matching
       11. Needle-Map Matching
       12. Region Matching
       13. Surface Matching
       14. Texture Matching or Classification
       15. Volume Matching
    8. Syntactic Pattern Matching
       
       1. 1D/String matching
       2. 2D/Pattern Grammars
13. Scene Understanding
    1. Affordance Understanding
    2. Appearance Prediction
    3. Figure-Ground Separation (See also Change and Moving Object Detection)
    4. High level vision
    5. Light Source Detection
    6. Line Labeling
    7. Occlusion Understanding and Recovery
    8. Perceptual Organization, Grouping
       
       1. Hierarchical Organization
       2. Subcomponent Detection
    9. Plan and Property Search
    10. Region labeling
    11. Scene Completion
    12. Shadow Understanding
14. Sensor Fusion, Registration and Planning
    1. Fusion and Registration Types
       
       1. CT/CAT, MRI/NMR, PET
       2. Motion and Depth
       3. Range and Intensity
       4. SAR and Digital Maps
       5. Visible and Infrared
    2. Information Fusion
    3. Multi-Image Intensity Image Registration
    4. Multi-View Range Data Registration and Fusion
    5. Next View Planning/Prediction
    6. Sensor Networks
       
       1. Network Calibration
       2. Distributed Target Tracking & Fusion
    7. Sensor Path Planning
    8. Simultaneous Localization and Map-building/SLAM
    9. Static Sensor Placement/Parameter Determination
    10. Statistical Fusion and Kalman Filters
15. Standard Sensors and their Properties
    1. General
    2. Analog Signal Shaping and Quantization
    3. Hologram, Digital Hologram
    4. Image Storage Devices
    5. Intensity Sensors and their Properties
       
       1. Atomic Force Microscopy
       2. Compressive Sensing
       3. High Dynamic Range Sensors
       4. Intelligent Image Capture
       5. Linear/Linescan Sensors
       6. Monochrome and Color Tube Sensors
       7. Monochrome and Color Chip Sensors
       8. Non-standard intensity sensors
          
          1. Hyperspectral Sensors
          2. Infrared Sensors
          3. Millimeter Imaging
          4. Multispectral Satellite Sensors
          5. Nanoscale Imaging
          6. Ultraviolet Sensors
          7. X-Ray
    6. NMR/MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
       1. fMRI
    7. PET - Positron Emission Tomography
    8. Radar
       1. Forward Looking
       2. Ground Penetrating
       3. Side Looking
       4. Synthetic Aperture
    9. Range Sensors
       
       1. Moire Fringe
          
          1. Color
          2. Intensity
          3. Phase Unwrapping Techniques
       2. Occluding Contour Analysis
       3. Phase Shift Range Sensors
       4. Time-of-Flight Range Sensors
       5. Triangulation
       6. Video Rate Range
          
          1. Dense Stereo-based
          2. Structured Light Based
    10. Sensor Geometries
        1. Regular
           1. Cartesian Grid
           2. Hexagonal
           3. Linear
        2. Space Varying
           1. Irregular
           2. Log-Polar/Foveal
        3. Viewfield
           1. Omnidirectional
              
              1. Catadioptric
              2. Concave Mirror
              3. Spherical Mirror
           2. Panoramic
           3. Small Field
           4. Wide Angle, Fisheye
    11. SPECT - Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
    12. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
    13. Ultrasound/Acoustic Sonar
        1. Medical
        2. Robotic
        3. Undersea
    14. Video/Television Transmission Formats
        
        1. RS-170/NTSC (US)
        2. CCIR/PAL (W. Europe)
        3. SECAM (E. Europe)
    15. X-Ray CAT/CT
16. System Models, Calibration and Parameter Estimation
    1. Camera Calibration
       1. Binocular, Multi-camera, Moving Camera
          1. Autocalibration, Self-Calibration
             1. Critical Motions, Relations, Scenes
             2. Zoom Lens Calibration
          2. Using Calibration Targets
       2. Monocular
    2. Hand-Eye Calibration and Coordination (See also Visual Servoing)
    3. Illumination Field Calibration
    4. Image Distortion, Models and Correction
       
       1. Chromatic Aberration
       2. Defocus Blur
       3. Diffraction/Interference Fringes
       4. Filter "Ringing"
       5. Fish-eye Lens
       6. Motion Blur
       7. Radial Lens Distortion (also called Barrel/Pillow Distortion)
       8. Underwater Lens Calibration
    5. Pinhole Camera, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera Models
    6. Radiometric Calibration
    7. Structured Light Source Calibration
17. Visual Learning
    1. Behavior Learning
       1. Discrete
       2. Probabilistic
    2. Geometric Feature Learning
    3. Learning Technologies
       1. Bayesian / Probabilistic Model Learning
          
          1. Bayesian Principal Component Analysis (See Principal Component and Related Approaches)
          2. Latent Variable Methods
          3. Variational Bayes
       2. Clustering
          (See also Classifiers and Distance Metrics)
          1. Fuzzy
          2. Hierarchical
          3. K-Means
          4. Mean-shift
          5. Parametric and Non-Parametric
          6. Pattern Matrices
          7. Proximity Matrices
          8. Self-Organizing Feature Maps/Kohonen Networks
       3. EM: Expectation Maximization
       4. Ensemble methods
          
          1. Bagging
          2. Boosting
          3. Extremely Random Trees (Extra-trees)
          4. Random Forests
          5. Vector Boosting
       5. Feature Selection
       6. Genetic Algorithms/Genetic Programming (See Genetic Algorithms/Programming)
       7. Neural Networks (See Neural Networks)
       8. Principal Component Analysis (See Principal Component and Related Approaches)
          
       9. Support Vector Machines
       10. Semi-Supervised Learning
       11. Vector Quantization
    4. Shape Model Learning
       1. Range Data Fusion
       2. Space Carving
       3. Structural Learning
          1. Architectural Models
       4. Volumetric Model Recovery
       5. Voxel Coloring
    5. Property Learning
       
       1. Spatial-Temporal Patterns
18. Visual Neurophysiology

    Visionary: A useful glossary of psychological and neurophysiological vision terms.
    Wikipedia neuroscience portal
    

    1. Cross-Modal Linkages
       
       1. Audition
       2. Olfaction
       3. Touch
       4. Reaching
       5. Language
       6. Synesthesia
    2. Experimental Techniques
       
       1. Lesion Studies
       2. Agnosias
       3. Staining/Histology
       4. Electrophysiology
          
          1. Intracellular Recording
          2. Extracellular Recording
          3. Iontophoresis
       5. Imaging
          
          1. Optical Imaging of intrinsic signals
          2. Two-photon calcium imaging
          3. Voltage sensitive dye imaging
          4. fMRI - functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
             
             1. BOLD Response
          5. PET - Positron Emission Tomography
          6. SPECT - Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
       6. EEG - Electroencephalogram
       7. TMS - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
       8. MEG - Magnetoencephalography
       9. Molecular Biology and Genetics Techniques
       10. Neuropharmacology
    3. Key Concepts
       
       1. Neurons
       2. Basic Structure of Visual Pathway
          
          1. Large Scale Connectivity
          2. Dorsal and Ventral Streams
          3. Modularity
       3. Cortical Circuitry
       4. Neural Coding
       5. Receptive Fields
       6. Extra-classical Receptive Fields and Surround Modulation
       7. Topographic maps
       8. Binding & Synchronization
       9. Cortical Magnification
       10. Contrilateral/Ipsilateral Function
       11. Attention
    4. Main Components
       
       1. Global Anatomy and region nomenclature
       2. The Eye
          
          1. Anatomy and Structure
          2. Function
          3. Eye Movements
             1. Saccades and Microsaccades
       3. The Retina
          
          1. Development
          2. Anatomy and Structure
             1. Blind Spot
             2. Fovea and Periphery
             3. Circuitry
                1. Photoreceptors
                2. Horizontal Cells
                3. Bipolar Cells
                4. Amacrine Cells
                5. Retinal Ganglion Cells
          3. Function and Computations
             1. Light and Dark Adaptation
             2. Color Coding
       4. Lateral geniculate Nucleus/LGN
          
          1. Development
          2. Anatomy and Structure
          3. Function and Computations
          4. Parvocellular and Magnocellular Pathways
       5. Visual Cortex
          
          1. Plasticity and Development
             
             1. Plasticity
             2. Development
          2. V1/Primary Visual Cortex/Striate Cortex/Brodmann area 17
             
             1. Anatomy and Structure
             2. Neuron Types
             3. Connectivity
             4. Simple, Complex, Hypercomplex Cells
             5. Neural Coding
             6. Parvocellular and Magnocellular Pathways
             7. Layers
             8. Contrast Sensitivity
             9. Selectivity and Mapping of Stimulus Features
                
                1. Ocular Dominance
                2. Orientation
                3. Direction
                4. Spatial Frequency
                5. Colour
                6. Binocularity and Binocular Disparity
          3. Extrastriate Cortex/Brodmann areas 18 and 19/ Visual Association Area
             
             1. V2
             2. V3
                1. Dorsal V3/DM/PO/V6
                2. Ventral V3/VP
             3. V4
             4. DP (Dorsal Prelunate area)
             5. V5/MT (Middle Temporal Area)
          4. Higher Visual Cortical Areas
             
             1. MST/V5A (Medial Superior Temporal Cortex)
             2. Intraparietal Area
                1. LIP (Lateral Intraparietal Area)
                2. VIP (Ventral Intraparietal Area)
                3. AIP (Anterior Intraparietal)
             3. Area 7a
             4. Interferotemporal Cortex
                
                1. PIT (Posterior Interferotemporal Cortex)/TEO
                2. CIT (Central Inferotemporal Cortex)
                3. AIT (Anterior Inferotemporal Cortex)
             5. STP(Superior Temporal Polysensory Area)
             6. Cuneus
             7. SFS (Superior Frontal Sulcus)
             8. FEF (Frontal Eye Field)
       6. Superior Colliculus
       7. Pulvinar
       8. Caudate Nucleus

19. Visual Processing Software Environments
    1. General
    2. ARC - Automatic Reconstruction Conduit - free web-based 3D reconstruction, including camera position, from uploaded images of a scene or object
    3. BBLimage: tools for processing volume images, especially medical images
    4. Bio-medical Imaging in Java (Michael Abramoff)
    5. Camera Calibration in Matlab Toolkit (J-Y Bouguet)
    6. CamCap: Nottingham Windows-based video image processing environment
    7. Commercial Image Processing developer toolkits
    8. CVIPtools - Windows, FreeBSD, Linux and Solaris, Irix based software package for the exploration of computer vision and image processing
    9. Epipolar Geometry Toolbox - A matlab based set of functions for multiple view computer vision problems. See Technical Report (Gian Luca Mariottini, Domenico Prattichizzo)
    10. EuclidStudio - a free integration environment for the development of video processing algorithms
    11. Face detection Software (Robert W. Frischholz)
    12. Fourier - Platform-independent image processing and analysis software written in ANSI C
    13. FPimage: Commercial Image Processing Software for the PC
    14. FFTW - free C subroutine library for computing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in one or more dimensions
    15. FreeImage - Image library for Windows
    16. Gandalf
    17. GNU Image Manipulation Program- free software for image manipulation
    18. homest: A C/C++ Library for Robust, Non-linear Homography Estimation - homest is a C/C++ implementation of an algorithm for non-linear, robust homography estimation from matched image point features that is distributed under the GPL. It supports different cost functions for the non-linear minimization and includes robust regression techniques for coping with outliers.
    19. HIPS Image Processing Software For the Unix/`C' Environment
    20. ImageJ - public domain Java image processing program
    21. ImageMagick: tools and libraries to read, write, and manipulate images
    22. Imalab - free extensible interactive image analysis environment
    23. ImLib3D - A C++ library for 3D image processing
    24. Intel's Open Source Computer Vision Library
    25. Intel's Image Processing Library
    26. ITK-SNAP: a software application used to segment structures in 3D medical images
    27. IUE: Image Understanding Environment
    28. IVT: Integrating Vision Toolkit - free, convenient access to imaging devices, clean camera abstraction, generic calibration, integration of OpenCV and QT.
    29. Khoros
    30. LTI-Lib Computer Vision Library in C++ - open source library with many standard and advanced computer vision methods
    31. Mixed Reality Toolkit (MRT) - small library of C++ classes (Russell Freeman)
    32. Morphology Toolbox for MATLAB (Roberto Lotufo, lotufo@dca.fee.unicamp.br)
    33. Metric Vision image measurement matlab software including point-to-curve distance and matching and tutorials
    34. MOTRIS - a framework for 3d-model based tracking, developed as a successor to XTrack
    35. MST Image C++ library for reading/writing images
    36. Non-rigid Shape Registration - Establishes one-to-one correspondences between 2D shape instances of an object, eg. for ASMs
    37. openCV - an open source cv system written in perl
    38. OpenMorpho - A C++ image processing library dedicated to Mathematical Morphology
    39. OpenTVF - a C++ library/framework for Tensor Voting
    40. PIANO - algorithms and tools for multi-dimensional medical image processing
    41. Poplog interactive programming environment and vision teaching materials with distribution here.
    42. Popular Software packages for vision and image processing
    43. PNG image library
    44. SBA - a generic sparse bundle adjustment c/c++ package based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and LEVMAR - the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithms in C/C++
    45. SaliencyToolbox 2.0 for Matlab - "a collection of Matlab functions and scripts for computing the saliency map for an image, for determining the extent of a proto-object, and for serially scanning the image with the focus of attention".
    46. TargetJr
    47. TIFF image library
    48. TINA - an open source environment to accelerate the process of image analysis research.
    49. VideoOCX - an Active-X development tool for image capture and display
    50. VIGRA - Generic C++ Programming for Computer Vision
    51. VripPack - Volumetric Range Image Processing Package
    52. VXL - C++ Libraries for Computer Vision Research and Implementation, based on TargetJr and the Image Understanding Environment (IUE) to make it lighter, faster and more consistent.
    53. Image Processing with XBit - (Chengye Mao)
    54. XMegaWave - a free image processing environment (Agustin Trujillo, agustin@dis.ulpgc.es)
    55. XVision/XVision2 - application independent set of tools for visual feature tracking
    56. XVideoOCX - a commercial ActiveX control that allows integration of video capture and image processing capabilities into software applications.
20. Visual Processing Control Structures
    1. General
    2. Architectures for Visual Processing
       1. Inter-process Visual Data Interfacing
    3. Attention, Foveation and Saccading
       1. Focus of Attention
       2. Gaze Control
       3. Visual Salience
    4. Behavior-Based Control
    5. Blackboards
    6. Classes of Vision Systems
       
       1. Continuous Process Systems
       2. Real Time/Video Rate Systems
       3. Single Image Processes
    7. "Expert-System" Control, Knowledge-Based Systems
    8. Heterarchical/Mixed Control
    9. Hierarchical Control
       
       1. Bottom-Up/Data Driven
       2. Top-Down/Model-Based
    10. Islands of Certainty
    11. Parallel Processing
    12. Sequential/Serial Processing
    13. Visual Search
21. Visual Psychophysics

    Visionary: A useful glossary of psychological and neurophysiological vision terms.
    Visual Psychophysics/Psychology
    Wikipedia: Psychophysics
    Wikipedia: Visual Perception
    

    1. Attention
    2. Constancies
       1. Colour
       2. Lightness
       3. Shape
       4. Size
    3. Disorders/Disfunction
       
       1. Aniseikonia
       2. Achromatopsia
       3. Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome
       4. Blindness
          1. Acquired Vision
          2. Blindsight
          3. Change Blindness
          4. Color blindness
          5. Repetition Blindness
       5. Visual Agnosias
          1. Apperceptive Agnosia
          2. Associative Agnosia
          3. Color Agnosia
          4. Mirror Agnosia
          5. Prosopagnosia
    4. Experimental Design
       1. Detection Theory
       2. Fourier Analysis
       3. Inter-Stimulus Interval
       4. Psychometric Function
       5. Spatial Frequency
       6. Statistics
       7. Stevens Power Law
       8. Temporal Frequency
       9. Weber-Fechner Law
    5. Experimental Stimuli
       1. Autostereograms
       2. Gratings
       3. Optical Illusions
          1. After Effect Illusions
          2. Ambiguous Pictures
          3. Illusory Contours
       4. Random Dot Kinematogram
       5. Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
       6. Visual Contours
       7. Visual Phantoms
    6. Eye movement
       1. Saccades & Microsaccades
       2. Vestibular-Ocular Reflex (VOR) and Pursuit Movement
    7. General Concepts
       
       1. Adaptation
       2. After Effects
       3. Contrast Sensitivity
       4. Saccadic Suppression
       5. Temporal Resolution
          1. Change Blindness
          2. Flicker Fusion
       6. Visual Acuity
    8. Perception
       1. Color Perception
          1. Color Vision
          2. Scotopic Vision
          3. Unique Hues
       2. Depth Perception
          1. Accommodation
          2. Binocularity
          3. Color and depth
          4. Convergence
          5. Correspondence Constraints
          6. Distance fog
          7. Horopter
          8. Occlusion
          9. Parallax
          10. Peripheral Vision
          11. Retinal Disparity/Stereopsis
       3. Face Perception
       4. Motion Perception
          1. Optical Flow
          2. Structure from Motion
          3. Time to Contact
          4. Vection
       5. Multimodal Perception
          1. Synesthesia
       6. Object Perception
          1. Object Recognition
          2. Shape and Texture
       7. Space Perception
       8. Texture Perception
    9. Perceptual Organization
       
       1. Figure-Ground Discrimination
       2. Gestalt Laws of Grouping
    10. Psychophysical Methods
        1. Discrimination
        2. Forced Choice Methods
        3. Just Noticeable Difference
        4. Method of Adjustment
        5. Method of Constant Stimuli
        6. Method of Limits
        7. Staircase Procedure
        8. Thresholds
    11. Theoretical perspectives
        1. Affordances
        2. Gestalt Theory
        3. Gibson's Theory
        4. Marr's Raw/Full Primal Sketch
        5. Unconscious Inference
    12. Visual Search
    13. Visual Short Term Memory

Return to CVentry top level

Made automatically

© 2007 Robert Fisher