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Michael Fourman

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Professor Michael P. Fourman
Informatics
The University of Edinburgh
2 Buccleuch Place
Edinburgh EH8 9LW
Scotland, UK

This is a legacy page. Contect is (slowly) being moved to my new page, which has some up-to-date information not included here.

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(+44) 131 650 4416 phone
(+44) 131 650 6626 fax
(+44) 771 002 6848 mobile
Michael.Fourman@ed.ac.uk

I am a member of the Division of Informatics in The University of Edinburgh's Faculty of Science and Engineering. I am a member of the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, the Institute for Communicating and Collaborative Systems, and the Institute for Representation and Reasoning, and Professor of Computer Systems.

This page contains links to details of my research interests and publications; a summary of personal information, my education, and career, and, also material on my recreational interests in cooking and sailing.

Please send any comments to me.

My Interests

8.jpg Photo: Tricia Malley and Ros Gillespie
 

I started my academic career as a mathematical logician, viewed by mathematicians as a kind of philosopher, and by philosophers, somewhat more accurately, as a mathematician.  Now I'm counted a computer scientist, and hope to contribute to the development of the new science of Informatics.  Between these times, I've worked in Electronic Engineering.  Yet, all the while, my interests have hardly changed.  How is this?

Whatever diverse aspects of the world we represent within a computer, we reduce to formal symbols.   In computer science, we characterise computation as the methodical, or algorithmic, processing of formal representations. Logicians study reasoning, represented as the methodical processing of formal statements.  More generally, they study the relationships between formal representations and their meanings.

The processing of formal representations encompasses both logic and computation, but without meaning, both are dry. Meaning relates our formal representations to the world, and brings them to life.

To grasp the world, we model it.  To interact, we communicate. Increasingly, we use formal, digital representations, largely because computer technology makes them tractable.  A global network of computers supports the representation, transformation and communication of information. We see similar phenomena in human communication. We have mental models, we reason, we communicate. Can these phenomena be understood in terms of traditional accounts of logic and computation?  Perhaps not. But these traditions provide a good basis from which to start, complemented by the traditions of cognitive science, psychology and linguistics.

We define Informatics to be the study of the structure, behaviour, and interactions of natural and artificial computational systems: a science of information. We seek to relate cognition, communication, and computation; to understand what information is, how it is represented, and how it is transformed--whether by computation or communication, whether by organisms or artefacts.

The science of information is emerging as a new division of science, alongside the physical and biological sciences.  It is contributing to a revolution in the ways we think about the world, and ourselves - about perception, about decision, about action.


Research

Logic

My early work in logic concerned intuitionistic logic, connections between category theory and logic, and models of Brouwer's notion of choice sequence.

Hardware Specification and Verification

I then became interested in hardware design, applying formal models of behaviour to build tools formalising the design process, for the inferential construction of correct systems. This has led to the LAMBDA system developed by Abstract Hardware Limited, a tool implemented in the SML programming language.

Global Computation

I am working with Stephen Gilmore, Chris Walton and others on the Global Computation project.

Programming Language Semantics

I have worked on applying category theory to programming language semantics - in particular, categorical semantics for the SML module system, and semantics for partial functions. I am working with John Longley and Gordon Plotkin on ``Notions of Computability for General Datatypes'', a project funded by EPSRC. I am a member of the ML club within the LFCS.

Longley, Fleuriot and I have EPSRC funding for a new project, A Proof System for Correct Program Development, to start in 2001. This will exploit advances in semantic understanding, coming from Longley's work on notions of computability. We will integrate programming and proof by implementing a logic whose terms are defined using the programming language (a subset of ML).

This style of integration was first introduced in the LAMBDA system. Longley's work will allow us to cater for a larger subset of ML (including some non-functional features).

AI Planning

I have recently applied model-checking techniques using Binary Decision Diagrams to implement PropPlan, an AI Planning system.

Recent and Current Students

Roger Hughes, Automated Interactive Software Verification adn Synthesis, PhD. 1992. Now with Abstract Inc.
John Longley Realizability Toposes and Language Semantics, Ph.D. 1994.
Li-Guo Wang Formal Derivation of a Class of Computers , Ph.D. 1995. Now with BT Labs, Martlesham.
Roger Sayle Automated Synthesis of Delay-Insensitive Circuits, Ph.D. 1996. Now with Glaxo Research.
Dilip Sequeira Type Inference with Bounded Quantification, Ph.D. 1997. Now with Harlequin Ltd.
Budi Ling, Reasoning about ML, M.Phil. 1998
Alvaro Moreira, Type Systems for Concurrent Languages, Ph.D. 1999
Chris Walton, Types for Global Computation, in progress ...


Publications

This section under construction...
Notes for a course on Algorithms and Data Structures(using ML) given at the University of Western Autralia, Perth, Jan-March 1994.
Notes for a course on Proof and Design given at Marktoberdorf 1994.
A paper on ML Modules given at CTCS 95.
A chapter on Reasoning about VHDL written as part of the FORMAT project.
A paper on Recursive Functions.


Personal Information

Son of Lucien Paul Rollings Fourman (d 1968), and Julia Mary Fourman (d 1981).
Born, Oxford, England. 12 September 1950
Married, Sydney, Australia, 12 November 1982, to Jennifer Robin Head -- divorced 29 August 2001.
Children
Paula Frances 30 July 1984
Maximillian 25 Sept 1987
Robin Alexander 25 May 1992


Education

Allerton Grange School, Leeds
Bristol University, B.Sc. 1971, Mathematics with other subjects (Philosophy and Computing).
Linacre College,
Oxford, D.Phil. 1974, Connections Between Category Theory and Logic, supervised by Prof. Dana Scott.


Career

Mathematical Institute, Oxford.
Research Assistant (to Prof. D.S.Scott) 1974-76
Seminaire Bénabou, Université de Paris.
Visiting member, January-April 1975
Wolfson College
Oxford, Junior Research Fellow, 1975-76
Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Dept of Mathematics
Assistant Professor. 1976-77
Columbia University, New York, Dept of Mathematics
JF Ritt Assistant Professor, 1977-82
Cambridge University, DPMMS
SRC Research Fellow, 1979-80
Sydney University, Australia, Pure Mathematics
Senior Visiting Fellow, September-December 1982
McGill University, Montreal, Pure Mathematics
Visiting Scientist, January-May 1983
Brunel University, Dept. of Electrical Engineering
SRC Research Fellow, 1983-86
GEC Hirst reader in IC design, 1986
Professor of Formal Systems, 1986-88
Abstract Hardware Limited
Technical Director 1986 - 1996
The University of Edinburgh, Department of Computer Science,
Professor of Computer Systems, 1988 -
Co-director, Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, 1988 - 1996
Head of Informatics, 1994 - 1998
Head of Computer Science Department, 1995 - 1997
Acting Head of Division of Informatics, August & September 1998
Head of Division of Informatics, August 2001 -


Recreations


Cooking

This section under construction...

I've placed a section on cooking here because it is one of my lasting pleasures, and because, long ago in Montreal, I promised Jacques Parent a recipe for Soupe au Moules. Watch this space...

For the time being, try

Halva

Halva can carry all sorts of flavours. Experiment with different flavourings, (cardamom, rose water, vanilla, coffee, chocolate, etc.) and nuts (pistachio, almond, hazelnut). It's worth the effort to blanch almonds then gently toast the nuts in a moderate oven (180 C). Hazelnuts and (unsalted) pistachios and can be roasted then rubbed in a teatowel to remove their skins.
450g sugar
250ml water
whites of two eggs
salt
400g tahini (pour off any excess oil and use it later for cooking)

Sugar Syrup

Boil the sugar and water with flavourings to a ``soft ball'' syrup (116-118 C). Set aside.

Tahini mixture

Beat the eggwhites, with a pinch of salt, to soft peaks. Add beaten eggwhite bit-by-bit to tahini, beating until the mixture becomes stiff and pulls away from the bowl.

Gradually add the flavoured sugar syrup to the tahini mixture, beating all the while. Add the nuts -- as many as you like, this mixture will easily take 400g of nuts if you like your halva that way. Shop-bought halva has far less.

Pour the mixture into an oiled cake tin (either with a press-out base, or lined with baking paper) or plastic container, and leave in the fridge for 36 hours. Cut while cold, with a sharp knife (if the halva is softer than the nuts it's difficult to make a clean cut).

Original recipie from Peter Conistis, Eleni's, Sydney

Automated production

Gravlax

Adapted from Alan Davidson "North Atlantic Seafood", Penguin

filleted side of fresh salmon, skin on, (quantities below per 1 kg fillet)
a large bunch of dill
sea salt, 3 tbs
castor sugar, 1 tbs
crushed white peppercorns, 2tbs
Sandwich this lot between two fillets of salmon, skin-side out. Use weights and a board to press for 36-72 hours in the fridge, turning and basting every 12 hrs or so.

Scrape off excess dill, pat dry, slice across the grain, fairly thick (3mm). Serve with Gravlaxsäs.


Gravlaxsäs

Combine

4tbs Dijon mustard
1tsp mustard powder
1tbs castor sugar
2tbs white vinegar

Beat in gradually (to obtain a thick consistency)

6tbs vegetable oil

Add

4tbs chopped dill


Sailing

With my family, I sailed on the 25-ton, ocean-going junk K'ung Fu-Tse, designed and built (of aluminium alloy) by Tom Colvin in Miles, Virginia, USA.

We collected KFT from Fort Myers, Florida in 1990 and sailed her back to Edinburgh with the following ports of call:

Cape Canaveral
Norfolk, Virginia
Greenport, Long Island, New York
Oban
Inverness, via Caledonian Canal
Fraserburgh
Leith

Our later voyages were less extensive, and in 1998 we regretfully sold KFT.

1992 Granton, Arbroath, Kirkwall (Orkney), Lybster, Fraserburgh, Peterhead, Granton.
1995 Granton, Fidra, Eyemouth, Lindisfarne, N. Berwick, Granton.
1996 Granton, Whitby, Sunderland, Blythe, Amble, Lindisfarne, Dunbar, Granton

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Michael Fourman 2002-06-24